The Performance Evaluation and Bonus Free Essays

Maybe one of the most testing parts of dealing with an organization is to give an exhibition assessment procedure that doesn't scare workers. The dread in my association, among those peripheral entertainers, is that the assessment may cause their being terminated. â€Å"One of the most questionable instruments for boosting execution is positioning representatives and excusing the loafers. We will compose a custom article test on The Performance Evaluation and Bonus or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Defenders contend that the training extends star employees†¦(Marchetti 2005 16). Those at the base of the presentation scale tend not to be as persuaded as they may be, just in light of the fact that the dread of being inadequately assessed smothers their assurance to improve. While there are numerous organizations which consequently give a typical cost for basic items raise to their representatives (now and again because of work gets), giving rewards or legitimacy grants additionally can cause some difficult issues, and such â€Å"merit raises† frequently cause more clash inside a business than they unravel in the method of expanded profitability and additionally productivity. Here is one author’s evidence: â€Å"It’s clear that employers’ remuneration frameworks aren’t measuring up. Just 10 percent of associations depict their legitimacy pay programs as â€Å"very effective,† as per a worker disposition overview led in 2002 of 335 organizations by Hay Insight (the exploration and review arm of Philadelphia-based HR counseling firm The Hay Group), WorldatWork and Loyola University of Chicago† (Wells 2005 76). One issue with numerous organizations today is that administration is excessively merciful, too stressed over offending . In today’s serious world, where each specialist must do his fair share or clear a path for somebody who can, such tolerance might be expensive. Wells (2005) recommends something many refer to as â€Å"tough love.†: â€Å"By differentiate, adoptingâ€and enforcingâ€the get-extreme way to deal with merit pay has clear focal points: It doesn’t squander progressively valuable pay spending dollars, it sends the correct message that improvement is objective, and it doesn’t support under-entertainers to the detriment of high-performing employees† (Wells 2005 78). In my specific association, the possibility of execution assessment and a reward or legitimacy grant is presently not, at this point carefully constrained to the top entertainers. It is the center level, what some will in general call â€Å"B performers† that have some stake in the company’s primary concern. Once more, here is some confirmation of that: â€Å"Midlevel entertainers flourish when they know they’ve got something to work towardâ€and you’ve got the chance to offer that to them. Truth be told, 52 percent of respondents who meet all requirements for motivating force programs at their companiesâ€which ordinarily reward the main 10 percent of workersâ€feel they have just fairly or zero chance of winning an honor. This is a long way from rousing. ‘Your B-players significantly affect your base line,’ says Rodger Stotz, VP and overseeing advisor for Maritz Inc. ‘You’ll consistently have a best five percent, however those prizes don’t move the middle'† (Galea 2005 9). What is expected to facilitate the agony and strain of execution assessment and resultant legitimacy increments or rewards is the way that top administration should now set explicit targets and objectives, constantly, by the quarter, by a half year, every year, and even gives a few projections to one, two and five years into what's to come. With such objectives explicitly delineated, workers whether on a creation line or salaried, presently know precisely what is expected of them. To make execution assessment not so much excruciating; but rather more powerful expects directors to monitor execution of their segment or offices, just as individual workers. Along these lines, on the off chance that somebody misses the mark, there is an open door for a one-on-one conversation that may give both motivation to such a shortage and a methods for improving execution. This individual oversight by administrators can go far to kill the dread of being released as a minor or low entertainer, and simultaneously reward what Galea (2005) calls â€Å"B Performers.† Subsequently, what will make execution assessment and pay attached to it unmistakably increasingly powerful in my organization is to concentrate on these mid-=level entertainers just as giving a methods â€Å"up the ladder† for the minor ones, realizing the top entertainers will consistently keep on sparkling. By additionally focusing on cooperation, it turns into the duty of everybody inside an area or division to ensure everybody adds to arriving at the objective. Step by step instructions to refer to The Performance Evaluation and Bonus, Essay models

A Users Guide to Time Phrases in Mandarin Chinese

A User's Guide to Time Phrases in Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese has time-related expressions that explain when the activity in a sentence is going on. These articulations are like English terms like, yesterday or two days ago. Here is a rundown of normal time articulations, which we will investigate in more detail underneath: Days today - ä »Å¡Ã¥ ¤ © - jä «n tiä nyesterday - æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¤ © - zuã ³ tiä nthe day before yesterday - å‰ Ã¥ ¤ © - qin tiä ntomorrow - 昞å ¤ © - mã ­ng tiä nthe day after tomorrow - Ã¥ ¾Å"Ã¥ ¤ © (trad)/Ã¥ Å¾Ã¥ ¤ © (simp) - hã ²u tiä n A long time this year - ä »Å¡Ã¥ ¹' - jä «n ninlast year - åž »Ã¥ ¹' - qã ¹ nintwo years back - å‰ Ã¥ ¹' - qin ninnext year - 昞å ¹' - mã ­ng nintwo years from now - Ã¥ ¾Å"Ã¥ ¹'/Ã¥ Å¾Ã¥ ¹' - hã ²u nin Many Months The prefixes for quite a long time and months are as per the following: this week - 這個æ˜ÿæÅ"ÿ/è ¿â„¢Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦ËœÃ¿Ã¦Å"ÿ - zhã ¨ gã ¨ xä «ngqä «this month - 這個æÅ"ˆ/è ¿â„¢Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦Å"ˆ - zhã ¨ gã ¨ yuã ¨last week - ä ¸Å¡Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦ËœÃ¿Ã¦Å"ÿ/ä ¸Å¡Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦ËœÃ¿Ã¦Å"ÿ - shng gã ¨ xä «ngqä «last month - ä ¸Å¡Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦Å"ˆ/ä ¸Å¡Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦Å"ˆ - shng gã ¨ yuã ¨two weeks back - ä ¸Å¡Ã¤ ¸Å¡Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦ËœÃ¿Ã¦Å"ÿ/ä ¸Å¡Ã¤ ¸Å¡Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦ËœÃ¿Ã¦Å"ÿ - shng gã ¨ xä «ngqä «two months prior - ä ¸Å¡Ã¤ ¸Å¡Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦Å"ˆ/ä ¸Å¡Ã¤ ¸Å¡Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦Å"ˆ - shng gã ¨ yuã ¨next week - ä ¸â€¹Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦ËœÃ¿Ã¦Å"ÿ/ä ¸â€¹Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦ËœÃ¿Ã¦Å"ÿ - xi gã ¨ xä «ngqä «next month - ä ¸â€¹Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦Å"ˆ/ä ¸â€¹Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦Å"ˆ - xi gã ¨ yuã ¨two weeks from now - ä ¸â€¹Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦ËœÃ¿Ã¦Å"ÿ/ä ¸â€¹Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦ËœÃ¿Ã¦Å"ÿ - xi gã ¨ xä «ng qä «two months from now - ä ¸â€¹Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦Å"ˆ/ä ¸â€¹Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦Å"ˆ - xi gã ¨ yuã ¨ Explanations The time articulations forâ daysâ andâ yearsâ have the equivalent prefixes aside from the past timespan: åž » (qã ¹) forâ last yearâ and æ˜ ¨ (zuã ³) forâ yesterday.â The time articulations forâ yearâ can additionally be utilized for occasions which happen each year, for example, commemorations, school years, and excursions. For instance: last year’s spring vacationåž »Ã¥ ¹'æ˜ ¥Ã¥ â€¡qã ¹ nin chÃ¥ «n ji This equivalent example can be utilized for occasions which follow week after week or month to month designs, for example, semesters or seasons: the previous summer - åž »Ã¥ ¹'Ã¥ ¤ Ã¥ ¤ © - qã ¹ nin xitiä n

Living with Rain

Living with Rain It rains a lot in Boston. There’s not much more you can say about that. Sometimes it drizzles, sometimes it pours, but there are weeks where it just rains. This week is one of them. It has been raining pretty consistently for the past two weeks, and I’ve realized that after 2 years, I finally feel prepared for the rain. I come from a place where rain means that you can wait inside for 10 minutes, and then it will stop. I had never seen it rain for more than an hour or so until the day before I left for college; since I’ve been here, I’ve seen it rain for three days straight. Although it has taken some time, I finally feel like I have this rain thing down. The first thing I’ve discovered is that umbrella’s don’t work. I have had many umbrellas destroyed by the wind in Cambridge and Boston, especially in the MacGregor wind tunnel. Umbrellas that are turned inside out, or have the metal bars bent don’t really work that well and so it finally became time to find a new solution. My solution for the rain involves three things: 1) Rain boots * I didn’t get rainboots until about halfway through my freshman year because I couldn’t find cheap ones in my size (I have big feet). When I finally did find them, they didn’t last very long because the cold ended up cracking the plastic. I learned this the hard way. I finally gave in and spent a little more for comfortable, warm, lined rainboots that keep my feet nice and dry (and allow me to splash those walking besides me). I’m not quite sure how guys do it, but rainboots are a very nice invention. Especially on MIT’s campus. For some reason, a school full of engineers has some serious problems with drainage. Very large puddles next to very large mud pits are common occurrences on campus, so sometimes you just have to tread through them. Rainboots make this all okay. 2) Rain coat *. I never really thought a raincoat would be necessary, but oh was I wrong. When your umbrella fails, it is nice to have something that is waterproof on underneath, and when you have that, you can forgo the umbrella. It keeps you dry, can look nice and is just an overall wonderful thing to have. It is nice to have it as a shell jacket too, because it can rain any time of year (as evidenced by the flooding that occurred in Boston this summer). 3) Backpack cover * So most people would not consider this essential, but I just got one this year and it is great to have. No longer do I have to worry about ruining my notebooks or searching for a big plastic bag before I venture outside. It makes me much happier walking or riding my bike home when I dont have to worry about the legibility of my notes when I get back, and mine is bright red. I don’t actually mind the rain much anymore, but it is definitely nice when you aren’t soaked head to toe just from walking from campus to home.

Living with Rain

Living with Rain It rains a lot in Boston. There’s not much more you can say about that. Sometimes it drizzles, sometimes it pours, but there are weeks where it just rains. This week is one of them. It has been raining pretty consistently for the past two weeks, and I’ve realized that after 2 years, I finally feel prepared for the rain. I come from a place where rain means that you can wait inside for 10 minutes, and then it will stop. I had never seen it rain for more than an hour or so until the day before I left for college; since I’ve been here, I’ve seen it rain for three days straight. Although it has taken some time, I finally feel like I have this rain thing down. The first thing I’ve discovered is that umbrella’s don’t work. I have had many umbrellas destroyed by the wind in Cambridge and Boston, especially in the MacGregor wind tunnel. Umbrellas that are turned inside out, or have the metal bars bent don’t really work that well and so it finally became time to find a new solution. My solution for the rain involves three things: 1) Rain boots * I didn’t get rainboots until about halfway through my freshman year because I couldn’t find cheap ones in my size (I have big feet). When I finally did find them, they didn’t last very long because the cold ended up cracking the plastic. I learned this the hard way. I finally gave in and spent a little more for comfortable, warm, lined rainboots that keep my feet nice and dry (and allow me to splash those walking besides me). I’m not quite sure how guys do it, but rainboots are a very nice invention. Especially on MIT’s campus. For some reason, a school full of engineers has some serious problems with drainage. Very large puddles next to very large mud pits are common occurrences on campus, so sometimes you just have to tread through them. Rainboots make this all okay. 2) Rain coat *. I never really thought a raincoat would be necessary, but oh was I wrong. When your umbrella fails, it is nice to have something that is waterproof on underneath, and when you have that, you can forgo the umbrella. It keeps you dry, can look nice and is just an overall wonderful thing to have. It is nice to have it as a shell jacket too, because it can rain any time of year (as evidenced by the flooding that occurred in Boston this summer). 3) Backpack cover * So most people would not consider this essential, but I just got one this year and it is great to have. No longer do I have to worry about ruining my notebooks or searching for a big plastic bag before I venture outside. It makes me much happier walking or riding my bike home when I dont have to worry about the legibility of my notes when I get back, and mine is bright red. I don’t actually mind the rain much anymore, but it is definitely nice when you aren’t soaked head to toe just from walking from campus to home.

The Case Against the All White Party in Texas - 779 Words

Texas, a southern state that had a deeply rooted sense of racial hatred and discrimination, barred blacks from voting in the Democratic Primary since 1903. Race equality was objected as a rule in the state, and African Americans involved in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People fought against all white primaries to change the race-based segregation, in which the Texas All White Primary became to be known. The fight against the All-White Primary lead to precedents in which exemplify that equality and public power are connected all while fighting the drive for a discrimination-free ballot on the surface. The ideals of Reconstruction that had once been introduced to Blacks were diminished, and legal separation in almost every aspect of public life was of a reality in the South, including Texas. Upon the adopting the Populist movement in Texas after forty years of agricultural distress, came the support of the state’s black voters. Populism was Texasâ₠¬â„¢ answer to poor farmers’ cry for help as it called for economic redistribution of wealth by the state. However, poor black farmers were also to join the Populist movement and become â€Å"the balancing vote in Texas.† (Zelden, 30) Texas whites still stood rooted to their racial hatred and discrimination, as demographics were a source of blame for this, but need overshadowed hatred. With the growth of industrialism and a period of conservative resurgence, a move towards disenfranchisement began, appealing toShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Roe V. Wade1571 Words   |  7 PagesJustin Cao English 1102 Professor Dolloff March 2, 2016 Dying to Live In 1973, Roe v. Wade ruled a state law that banned abortions, except in the cases of risking the life of the mother, unconstitutional (Garrow 833). The Court ruled that states were forbidden from regulating or outlawing abortion performed during the first trimester of a woman’s pregnancy, could pass abortion regulations if they were related to the health of the mother in the second and third trimesters, and pass abortion lawsRead MoreEssay On Texas House Of Election929 Words   |  4 PagesAmit Sharma Paudyal Prof. Sharifian GOVT 2306 30 Sept. 1 2017 Texas House of Representative I would like to run for the Texas House of Representatives. As per my residence, I belong to Texas State House District 115. It is represented by white Republican Representative Matt Rinaldi. 1 According to District Profile Analysis, The total population of my district is 180,798. The population between 0-4 years is about 13,598 which is 7.5%. People with 5-17 years have the population of 32,736 coving 18Read MoreThe Appellate Process Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesappellate court typically concerns itself solely with issues of law. An appeal is not the time to retry the case or to reargue the facts. In civil matters, either party can appeal the decision of the trial court. Usually in criminal matters, however, only the defendant may appeal a criminal conviction and the state is not allowed to appeal a not guilty verdict. The sentencing in criminal cases with a guilty verdict, however, may be appealed by either the defendant or by the prosecution (uscourts.govRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Paper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. 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During the conflict between the Texas colonist and the Mexican government, this ended up resulting in the Texas Resolution, in which there became the creation of the separate Republic of Texas in 1836. As the US made it adamant that they were goingRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay example1463 Words   |  6 Pagestrading. Learning all these good deals about West, many Americans left their homeland for a new start in the West.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the West movement of 1830’s and 1840’s, there were many conflicts that American settlers faced. The first problem settlers had to solve was relations with the Native Americans. As the numbers of American settlers grew, the life of Native Americans was greatly affected. The Native Americans tried to maintain their cultural traditions and the peace with white settlers, but theyRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty1584 Words   |  7 Pages One of the most controversial topics in America today is the death penalty. Four thousands of years the death penalty has been used all over the world. In the earlier centuries the townsmen would hang people if they were accused as being a witch, but they were not witches at all. They merely knew a little more information than the next person. They were wrongly accused, and that is why I see the death penalty as immoral, unethical and just wrong! People were put to death for no reason; they wereRead MoreThe Consti tution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 Pagesshould the authority of the individual states be held above all? As Abraham Lincoln said, â€Å"the Constitution does not expressly say.† But through evaluation of the arguments expressed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, Lincoln’s Inaugural Address, and Jefferson Davis’ Confederate Constitutional Address, and evaluation of their alignment with the Constitution of the United States of America, we can see that not only are the arguments against States’ rights more effective, but they also more accuratelyRead More Affirmative Action needs to be Changed not Ended Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretically speaking, African Americans enjoy the same citizenship rights and protections as white Americans. While ground has been gained, the reality is that discrimination and racism are still very much a part of American culture and institutional practice. For instance, during the 19th century, women were barred from many professions like doctor, lawyer, etc. Predominantly, these positions were for white males. Women were in a crucial position because upon marriage, they often lost title to whatever

Gap of Inequality Between Social Classes in the United States

In the article â€Å"Confronting Inequality†, Paul Krugman argues that the gap of inequality between social classes in the United States is growing because of self- interest. He cites a â€Å"movement conservative†, Irving Kristol, who claims income inequality is not important because there is social equality. Krugman uses Kristol’s statement as a starting position to state his own. Krugman describes the claim as being a â€Å"fantasy world† and not the â€Å"real America we live in† (Krugman 246). I agree with his statement, many people were not aware of this issue five years ago, the fact that the upper class is gaining power. They have â€Å"their own virtual country† and â€Å"a separate economy† (Krugman 246). The upper class has many opportunities that prevent†¦show more content†¦The rich have their own well-off lifestyle and the other classes are struggling to even keep a home. The middle class buys houses that they ca nnot afford in order to try and give their children the opportunity to be successful. Many times these houses are close to desirable school districts that give middle-class children a good education. Unable to keep up with the payments, many of these new homes are taken away and middle class families file for bankruptcy because they have no way of making ends meet. Reducing inequality takes work and the United States barely lifts a finger. Krugman believes that a change should begin in the health care system. American’s health insurance is gone if they get fired or quit their job. Other countries such as France help unemployed individuals by keeping their health insurance even after they lose their job. The government does more to keep their people healthy than in the United States. The health care system in America is a problem because the upper class can afford procedures that can save their life. The lower class people, on the other hand, cannot help themselves and theref ore seek government help and support. They struggle to pay their procedures and worry extensively if their insurance does not cover them. The inequality in the United States is problematic and the first step in the right direction is to make health care accessible to all individuals. Self- interest in America is driving powerfulShow MoreRelatedHow Income Inequality Is Hurting America1271 Words   |  6 PagesHow Income Inequality is Hurting America Vermont Senator and presidential candidate, Bernie Sanders, said it best when he said â€Å"A nation will not serve morally or economically when so few have so much, and so many have so little.† This quote perfectly describes the issue that The United States is currently dealing with: income inequality. Income inequality is the gap between how much money is made by the rich and everyone else in the nation. 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Analyzing The Association Between Intake Of Different...

In this study, we conducted multivariate linear regression analysis to examine the association between intake of different types of beverages and obesity outcomes in children and adults. We found out that, SSB intake in both children and adults had the significant contribution to obesity outcomes. This positive association is consistent with previous studies reporting a strong positive dose-response relationship between intake of SSB and adiposity among Australian and Danish children (12, 21), and positive association between SSB intake and obesity in adults (5, 6). A recent study aiming to investigate factors related to SSB consumption in Australia also pointed out that obese people were more likely to drink SSB than people in normal†¦show more content†¦Limit evidence in energy mediating effect may indicate that non-energy effect of SSB, such as its contribution to accelerating glycemic load, may play an essential role in increasing the risk of obesity (9). In this study, we observed a significant decrease in BMI and WC after replacing SSB with tea/coffee, fruit juice, water and milk in adults and a significant increase in BMI/BMI-z score and WC with the replacement of diet drink in both children and adults. No significant association was found in between intake other SSB alternatives and obesity outcomes in children. Children Several previous findings demonstrated that substitution of SSB with water and milk has significantly adverse effect on obesity outcomes (14, 24).Water has always been acknowledged as a good alternative of SSB due to its possible reduce the effect on energy intake (25). This finding is consistent with the previous prospective cohort study among Australian children, which also explore the beneficial effect on weight control by replacing SSB with water. A cohort study among 9-year-old Danish children also indicated the inverse association between substitution effects of milk on building fatness. Milk has always been recommended as healthy beverage choice for

Dogfish Shark free essay sample

Dog Fish Shark Dogfish sharks are the second largest sharks, there body shape is rounded. Dogfish sharks have a variety of different parts. Smell, taste, hearing, sight, touch, and electro reception are six sensory systems that sharks use. All of there senses allow them to explore the environment and survive. There senses help them locate prey, avoid danger, and also find mates. Sharks nostrils or names are under the edge of there snout. There names are separate from there mouth and throat, they are uses exactly for. Each name Is divided Into two parts by a nasal flap. The flaps increase surface area, and provide the shark with a better opportunity of smell. When sharks detect a smell that they want to investigate or eat, the swim in the direction it is coming from and move its head back in forth. The names also detect chemicals in the water. The sharks eyes are highly sensitive to light intensity, they can also control the amount of light entering the eye by dilating there pupils. For a shark to focus Its controlled by the rectums muscles, this pulls the lens closer or further away. Sharks possess great vision In din light conditions. Sharks have an piper and lower eyelid but they usually dont meet, so it doesnt necessarily protect the eye. The dogfish sharks mouth is located underneath it. Spiracles located behind the eye on top of the head are used to provide oxygenated blood directly to the eye. The dogfish teeth are extremely sharp of coursed used for biting into its prey, the sharks tongue is rough for helping hold its prey. They eat squid, fish, and crustaceans. The dogfish shark as of all sharks have been around for as long as dinosaurs. If the shark Is a female the uterus Is the function of the egg developments, f a boy there is testes an oval shaped; dorsal to the liver. Males have claspers finger- like projections that assist in sperm transfer during mating, this occurs only in males. Ovaries are two cream colored organs. The shark heart has two halves, the atrium and ventricles, the heart is a specialized muscle. The pericardia cavity holds the heart and branching arteries, this cavity also protects the heart. The gill rakes Increase the surface area of the gills in order to take In more oxygen. The gill arches are made of cartilaginous arches that support the gills and also the gill rakes. Gill lits allow water to exit after passing over the gills, the dogfish sharks have five gill slits. The atrium is small and has functions in forcing blood into the ventricles, the ventricle is larger and functions in contracting blood into the rest of the body. The spiracles on top of the head, allows water to pass through the gills even when the sharks mouth Is closed. The lateral line Is a pale line beginning at the pectoral fins and ending at the pelvic fins, small openings that open Into the underlying line canal. The cloaca is the digestive tract exit and opening for the sex organs. are bundles of segmented muscle in the trump and tail, they are arranged in a zig zag pattern. The myosepta is where the muscle originates and inserts. Of the five fins the dogfish has only two are paired and they are the pelvic and pectoral fins. The five fins the shark has Is of course the pelvic, pectoral, the two dorsals, and the caudal as the liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, etc. The liver functions in storage and flotation, it has three lobes. The gallbladder functions in the storage of bile secreted from the liver, it is located within the small love of the liver. The stomach is a J- haped organ, it has an cardiac part and pyloric part and functions in digestion. The pancreas has two parts, the ventral and dorsal and its a long and thin organ. The duodenum is right after the stomach it receives the bile from the gallbladder. After the duodenum the ileum and spiral valve absorbs nutrients like vitamin 812 and bile salts. The pyloric sphincter is the end of the stomach, a muscular ring which opens and closes the stomach to the intestines. The esophageal papillae helps move food to the stomach. The colon absorbs water and salts from the solid wastes before its stored in the rectum. The rectum functions in the storage of solid waste. The rectal gland controls salt concentration within the body and releases it into the rectum to be excreted. The spleen of the shark works with filtering the blood, caudal to the stomach and proximal the spiral intestine. The dorsal aorta is the distribution of blood throughout the body. Dogfish arent attack sharks, there shy, and rarely caught in swimming areas. Sharks are boneless fish with cartilage where the bone should be. The second dorsal fin is smaller than the first and both fins have spines at their origin. The caudal fin is asymmetrical with the upper lobe being larger. The Jaws are smooth edged short and oblique teeth are similar in both upper and lower Jaw. The dogfish habitat, the shark is found in cold and warm temperate oceans at temperatures between O and 15 degrees Celsius. It can be caught and located in the water column from the surface depths of meters in other words 2,400 feet. The average adult length is between 75 and 105cm, 30 or 40 inches. But they have been known to grow to 130cm weighing 201bs. the dogfish is long lived and slow growing and has an estimated life span of 30 to 40 years. Ages as old as 70 years have been determined for some dogfish from Columbia. Studies show that some dogfish can migrate great distances. The dogfish is an omnivorous opportunistic feeder eating whatever prey is abundant. The diet is comprised of small fishes such as coupling, cod, haddock, hake, herring, menhaden, and also raffish. They also eat invertebrates such as krill, crabs, pilchard worms, Jellyfish,,, squid, and octopus. Development in this shark is. The gestation length is longest known for sharks at an estimated 18-22 months. Young are born in the warmer waters off on the northeaster U. S and Nova Scotia during the winter months. Development in this shark is. The gestation length is the longest known for sharks at an estimated 18-22 months. Young are born in the warmer waters off of the northeastern U. S. and Nova Scotia during the winter months. The number of young born in a litter is dependent on the size of the female, larger females bearing more pups. However most litters are between 1 and 14 individuals that are approximately 20 to 30 cm in length. The average litter is 5-6 pups. Sexual maturity in males is reached at a total length of about 64 cm and 10 years of age. Females reach total length. Reproduction occurs offshore in the winter.

Gerald graff pop culture in academics free essay sample

Teenagers can also relate to whats going on in their own lives with the pop culture world. Sometimes its hard for teenagers to understand a certain topic but if teachers can explain it to them in a way that they can understand using pop culture, teachers should be allowed to do so. Pop culture should be allowed in the classroom as long as its used in an educational way and can help students learning. Graff talks a lot about street smarts in his essay. We all know someone who is street smart but they just dont do to well in school and are unable to do well in academics. Some people may feel that its a waste of intelligence and knowing so much about life isnt going to help you academically. Graff feels that its not those students fault and those students can be helped. We will write a custom essay sample on Gerald graff pop culture in academics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He states that What doesnt occur to us, though, is that schools and colleges might be at fault for missing the opportunity to tap into such street smarts and channel them into good Gonzalez 2 academic work (peg. 380). Meaning schools and colleges should be held accountable for not being able to help those street smart teenagers and elf turn their knowledge of life into academic work.Teachers should help these students learn how to understand the academics their teaching them with examples of the street smart knowledge they already obtain. Personally, feel that street smarts beat out book smarts in todays world. Street smarts is something thats real knowledge to me and can help someone in the future unlike book smarts where everything feels unreal. Graff speaks of his own experience in school and how he felt he was the typical teenage anti- intellectual. All throughout high school Graff hated reading and books.The only thing he truly cared for was sports, and the only reading he did was reading sports magazines. Graff says IL have recently come to think, however, that my preference for sports over schoolwork was not anti- intellectualism so much as intellectualism by other means (peg. 382). What Graff is saying here is just because he had rather choose sports over schoolwork doesnt make him unintelligent it makes him smart but in a different way. I can personally agree with Graff. Im not very interested in academic work but I ere up watching sports.Sports are full of challenging debates, arguments, analysis, and statistics. You can debate which team is better so why not use that same tactic but a different topic. Remember being in class not doing my work and talking about football or basketball. If a teacher was to explain reading or writing to me with using sports as an example I probably wouldve understood what they were saying and succeed in school. Have teenagers analysis sports topic and have them relate to them and see if they agree or disagree with that sport topic. Schools should create debates or arguments that teenagers can relate to. It will get teens to feel more involved and they might actually engage in the Gonzalez 3 conversation. We should be able to incorporate sport topics in school because not many students find educational topics very understanding or interesting. Teachers can easily use sports as a topic in every classroom discussion. Music in pop culture today has such a big influence on students. Everyone listens to at least some type of music any chance of the day they get.One of the main influences is hip hop music. Hip pop is all over the radios and you can find it in at least the majority of students phone players, pod, or even CDC. Music has a huge influence on myself, personally. Music helps me concentrate and even helps me learn academic material better. It even helps my mind grow and develop better. Music actually improves communication between the right and left sides of the brain, allowing you to gain better comprehension and memorization skills which develop your brain to a higher level.Music has so much to do with metaphors and understanding lyrics and truly understanding the meaning of song. It even helps to improve reading and comprehensive skills. Take Tuba Shaker for instance, his rap music has such meaningful metaphors which should be used in the classroom because they can truly help teenagers understand the meaning of a metaphor and students will actually be interested in the topic. Music is such a complex language that even incorporates mathematics, science, history, physical education, coordination, and even mental ability.Most teenagers find hip hop artist like Tuba interesting because they can relate to Tubas music about daily life struggles bout gangs, drugs and growing up in the ghetto. Since teenagers go through these struggles we should help give them something to relate to so they can know the real world isnt perfect and a lot of people can be going through the same struggles as you. Gonzalez 4 Most people will disagree with the fact that schools should allow pop culture influences in education.That schools are made for learning academics and nothing else, like pop culture, should influence anything not academic. An argument could be that pop culture is a bad influence and can send the wrong message to managers. For instance that sports can send the message of promoting violence and that teenagers should stick to their own personal friends and not communicate with other groups of people. It can cause tension in the classrooms over debates because not everyone has the same opinion about a certain team.Or the simple fact that not everyone is interested in sports or have knowledge of sports and they dont want teenagers to feel as if they dont fit in. A lot of people will have negative comments about music in education and academics. Most will argue that music send the wrong usage to teens. Some can even say rap music like Tuba exploits women and uses vulgar language. It promotes violence and criminal like activity. Which in some rap music and even Tubas music is true. He uses extreme vulgar language and talks about the thug life.It even includes sexual conduct in his rapping. Some can even say hip hop music period is distracting and if we promote music in schools. Like this, it will promote teenagers to get the wrong idea about school and education. That teens will go out and join a gang, become sexually active, and do criminal like activity. Even though some teenagers have a hard life and can relate to this music we should not remind them of their personal lifes and keep everything strictly academic. In conclusion, you can see that there is a positive and negative to having pop culture in todays education. I personally feel that there should be a connection to education which Gonzalez 5 teenagers like should be able to be interested in as long as its educational. Not everyone will have the same opinion as Graff and I so there should be an option to be able to take classes which you can use pop culture n your learning process or if you want to keep it strictly educational you should be able to as well.

Peyotism Essays - Native American Church, Native American Religion

Peyotism Essays - Native American Church, Native American Religion Peyotism The white mans reality are his streets with their banks, shops, neon lights and traffic, streets full of policemen, whores, and sad-faced people in a hurry to punch a time clock. But this is unreal. The real reality is underneath all this. Grandfather Peyote helps you find it. - Crow Dog Peyote, a hallucinogenic plant that is commonly used as a recreational drug, has a much greater meaning for members of the peyote religion. By examining the effects of peyote along with its role in the rituals and beliefs of the Native American Church it becomes apparent why it is such an integral part of the religion. The trade and knowledge of this sacred plant was already well defined in regions of Mexico well before European conquest and its ceremonial use was already underway in the tribes of the area in which it grew. This religious use eventually spread through North American regions. Along with its migration, the basic rituals and ceremonies changed along the way. The organization of religion involving peyote and the principle rituals had become commonly practiced among the Comanche and Kiowa tribes by the mid-eighteen hundreds. The Native American Church formed in 1921, beginning in Oklahoma. Soon after this initial formation, state and local incorporation followed in many places and continue to do so to this day. (Aberle, 19) Now, some form of peyote religion is common to most tribes of the North American continent. Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a very small, low growing, fuzzy type of cactus. Most of the cactus is actually underground in a long root. Both the flesh and roots can be eaten. When dried the flesh resembles brown overcoat buttons, which is where the term peyote buttons came from. Peyote isnt found just anywhere. It grows in the wild over only a small portion of the Southwestern United States known as the Peyote Garden. Precisely, Corpus Christi, Texas, Deming, New Mexico, Durango, Mexico and Puebla , Mexico bind the area in which this plant can be found and harvested. (Aberle, 5) Containing eight different alkaloids, the most important being mescaline, peyote causes a number of effects. The experience begins with an euphoric quality. It heightens the sensations to sound, color, form and texture. Further into the experience, visions begin to occur. These visions can include detailed, realistic pictures and sounds. The interpretation of these visions rather than the visions themselves are what peyotists consider most important. The peyote experience is characterized by a strong feeling of personal significance of the internal and external stimuli encountered during the experience. Many find themselves asking, What does this mean to me? The Native American Church came to the Indians during their darkest hour. It was around the time when the last of the buffalo had disappeared from the plains. They were left starving, helpless and with little of their old lives remaining to cling to. In the words of a member of the NAC, Mary Crow Dog, The Native American Church became the religion of the poorest of the poor, the conquered, the despoiled. Peyote made them understand what was happening and made them endure. It was the only thing that gave them strength in those, our darkest days. It was obvious that a militant religion could not have survived under white dominance. The formation of this religion was a response to the degraded status on Native Americans. Its goal- internal peace and harmony rather than competition. This idea was highly relevant to the socio-economic situation that these indigenous people were being faced with. For many, this was exactly what they needed to continue on. Since the beginning, there has been strong opposition to the Native American Church by several groups. The traditionalist Indians opposed it believing that it was a threat to traditional tribal culture. Modernist Indians as well as whites opposed the religion also saying that it was heathenistic and backward. In the early stages, peyote meetings were illegal not for the use of peyote, but because Native American rituals in general were outlawed. But, in 1934, under John Collier, the Bureau of Indian Affairs enacted a policy of non-interference with peyotism. There have been state laws prohibiting the sale, use or possession of peyote, but all such laws have

Industry Readiness for Going Global 1 Assignment

Industry Readiness for Going Global 1 - Assignment Example According to the Ft reporters, the United States of America auto mobile industry went from a boom to a low after the 2007/2008 economic crisis (Ft Reporters 2013). This is so since the automobiles sales from the United States of America industry fell to a record less than nine million from a high 16 million in 2005. However, after economic policies were adopted by the government the industry is slowly getting back to its feet (Lorenzo 2011). As one can see in both 2009 and 2012 China is the highest producer of vehicles in the international market. It is then followed by Japan. One notices that in the year 2009 the number of vehicles produced was low (OICA (2013). This can be attributed to the financial crisis of 2007/2008 which affected almost all players in the industry. However one notices that the USA and Germany were affected the most concluding that the crisis affected the industry most in Europe and the USA. However by looking at the statistics in 2012, the industry in the United States is recovering and shows promise of increasing in its sales and production in the futures. From the charts above, it is within reason that the key companies in the industry in the automobile industry are Volkswagen, Toyota, Hyundai and GM. However, there are other companies rising fast. Such companies include Nissan, ford and KIA. Key competitors as derived from the statistics include China, USA, Japan and Germany. Compared to its competitors, the USA automobile has various factors that give the industry an upper hand when competing with other industries in the international market. Government support is heavy in the USA unlike in other countries since the government offers loans to automobile companies. For instance, companies such as ford were lifted out of the economic crisis as a result of incentives from the government. Another advantage the USA has is that most of the citizens are loyal to home brands thus a huge

Post secondary transition plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Post secondary transition plan - Term Paper Example In this sense, a post-secondary transition plan is necessary for high school graduates joining the employment sector and those pursuing further studies. In most cases, high school graduates seek employment to find means of becoming self-reliant as they wait to join tertiary education (Miller, O’Mara., & Getzel, 2009). However, there are others who seek employment because their academic credentials disqualify them to pursue further education. Life after high school has many challenges and marks a time when individuals should engage in planning on how to improve their living standards. In order to succeed in life, individuals need to aim higher in every endeavor they decide to take after graduating from high school. In this sense, high school graduates with disability should not look at their disability as the inability and should aim for an interactive and productive life after high school. In this regard, an ideal post-secondary transition setting is one that provides career exposure, is interactive, inclusive and adaptable (Lee, Leon, & Young, 2013). After high school life, the post-secondary setting that is ideal whether at the workplace or residential, for instance, college, should expose individuals to new learning. This is because post-secondary life presents a period when individuals should learn how to deal with challenges that exist in the outside world. Prior to the completion of high school, life tends to be simple and individuals have access to support networks in case they face challenges. However, life after high school marks a period when individuals are left alone and have to engage in self-discovery. Self-discovery in this sense means learning about the new environment and how to survive. As such, an ideal setting for transition from high school should be in an environment that encourages individuals to discover themselves. In the outside

The Principal Psychological Perspectives Children And Young People Essay

The Principal Psychological Perspectives Children And Young People Essay Humanistic approach focuses on each individuals needs, potential, growth and self-actualization, as they believe that people are all different because everyone is seen as an individual. Humanistic starts from the assumption that every individual has their own unique way of understanding the world and that the things they do only make sense in this path. Furthermore humanistic also openly supports the idea that people have a free will and are capable of choosing their own actions towards growth and fulfilment of their own potentials as their roles are focused on how people can be helped to fulfil their potentials and lead more satisfied lives as the main strength of the humanistic approach is to emphasize the role of the individuals and the subjective meanings to them. Carl Rogers idea of behaviour was focused on the self, which is the persons consciousness of their own identity. Rogers believed that people could only fulfil their potentials for growth if they had a basic positive view of themselves such as having a positive self regard, self concept, self esteem and self confidence. These are important as it is made up of how we assess ourselves and how we see our personality and how we rate our skills and abilities as when we have self esteem our assessment is more positive. This also would occur if individuals have the absolute positive concept off of other people, for example if individuals are being valued and respected without hesitation by those around, people would then gain positive concepts towards themselves and if these needs are not met or fulfilled people would see themselves as worthless, useless, unloved or hopeless. From a young age people start to form a self concept as people around them such as parents or siblings, for example y oung children may want to dress up as their parents or try on their siblings clothings as they seek to gain acceptance and positive feedbacks. Mostly many childrens form self concept from the media as it is worldwide and the fashionable clothings they see on TV they may feel to copy off it to keep up with the fashion that out or to feel good about themselves and for others to compliment them as the media could put many ideas in childrens head. Carl Rogers also believed that if at a young age, childrens are bad, ugly, dumb or silly they will grow in to always thinking these negative self concepts about themselves as when young children gain a negative comment it would stick to them till their older and may also start to have doubt or limit their abilities or skills due to containing the negative aspects upon themselves. Carl Rogers noticed and acknowledged there is a barrier as most people do not gain positive concepts off of others as it is being unreserved. Rather, people think they will only be loved and valued if they meet certain conditions of worth, for example being well behaved and passing exams etc. these conditions of worth creates strength within the self between the real self such as how the person really is and the ideal self such as how others think they should be. Carl Rogers saw that people try to close the gaps between the real and the ideal self but most people do this in unhelpful ways such as chasing ach ievements that would not make themselves satisfied or to change their view of themselves of the world. Abraham Maslows view of human needs was more complex than Carl Rogers. As Carl Rogers believed that people needed unconditional positive regard, Abraham Maslow acknowledged that people have a variety of different needs that change and needs to be satisfied at different times. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) was a psychologist who described a hierarchy of human needs as he believed that everyone should seek to be the best that they can be holistically. Unless our physical needs are met, people will not be able to survive as the most basic needs are towards the bottom and work its way up but before they move up their basic needs should be met before they approach the next level. Abraham Maslow believed that those who are fully satisfied all their needs might become self-actualisers which means those people who have fulfilled their potentials completely. File:Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.svg Basic Physical needs food and water, which is appropriate meets dietary and religious requirements and reflect individual likes; accommodation with heating which would allow people to move around and feel safe, clothing which is clean, comfortable and appropriate to the temperature of the weather and activities Safety and security needs living in accommodation which feels safe and secure, with chosen belongings around with sufficient money and privacy Social needs being able to maintain relationship which would make people feels cared for and loved as well as opportunities to make new friends and having interests and keeping in contact with family and friends though visits, telephone calls and email. This will allow the opportunity to join a group try different activities and spend time with family and friends. Self esteem feeling good about yourself and being treated with respect and dignity by other people, as being treated as a person with rights to make choices and express thoughts and feelings Self actualization opportunities to express yourself through words, music or art, the chance to learn and develop new skills and be mentally stimulated, perhaps through hobbies, interests and contact with other people. P2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice P3: Explain different psychological approaches to social practise Applying the Humanistic Approach to Health and Social Care Person Centred Approach This approach is based on the theory and philosophy of Carl Rogers as he became famous and well known after he had implemented and developed a particular type of approach based on people working in a way that meet the needs of the individuals, and responds to a verity of different contexts. Person centred planning discovers and acts on what is important to a person as this would be done in a non-directive way by either councillors or therapists. They strongly believe in other peoples potential, ability and skill to make the right choices, regardless of other peoples own values, beliefs and ideas. They would have to give unconditional positive regards such as loving them regardless what and how the clients are. This counselling or therapy should make clients feel the idea that the therapists or councillors are supporting them within their experiences, feelings, beliefs and emotions. By having these needs met Carl Rogers believes that this would help the clients finally accept themselv es of who they really are or how they may look. This would also help them by how they view themselves and would start to think positively about themselves such as worthy, valuable, precious etc. This approach will also empower people in being control of their lives and be the best they can be, as the person centre approach ensures people are safeguarded and have a voice to be heard and have a better future. A person centred approach is not the same way in people normally work as they would be additional such as a way of doing things differently, to achieve better outcomes for children, young people, their families and carers. The role of the person centre approach is to set up activities which are based upon what is important to a person from their own perspectives and which contribute to their addition in society and then start to make progress. This approach is also vital for therapist or councillors to have empathy for example picturing them in the clients position such as what they may have been through or what they are feeling. For some that are dealing with difficulties in their actual self and their ideal self due to not matching, would need someone who could really listen to them and advice them in the best way possible.

Tulare Township Essay -- Artificial Irrigation, Northern California

C-Irrigation The familiar rural landscape of today’s Tulare Township is the artificial creation of irrigation. The modern eye—accustomed to the regularity of shaded orchards and the linear furrowed fields of row crops—finds it difficult to imagine the countryside before irrigation, much less the arid, barren grassland that existed until the 1860s. One has a tendency to see this landscape as eternal. But the current rural scene is not yet a century old. Although Tulare Township residents had long recognized the need for irrigation, irrigation on a mass scale came late to the district. The reasons for the delay—politics, geography, technology, and economics—tell, in microcosm, the San Joaquà ­n Valley irrigation story. It did not take long for California’s small farmers to realize that dry farming, which depended on winter and spring rains, was not trustworthy. The first two decades of California’s Wheat Bonanza era—the 1860s and 1870s—saw wide variation in crop yields as the state alternated between drought and â€Å"normal rainfall† years. While the large bonanza ranchers could survive the droughts of 1863–1865, 1870–1871, and 1873–1875, the small ranchers often failed. The Diablo Range’s â€Å"rain shadow† worsened the challenges for West Side grangers; even â€Å"below normal† rainfall elsewhere could seriously jeopardize the West Side harvest. By 1870, the need for extensive irrigation in the San Joaquà ­n Valley was clear, but how should Californians carry out the task? The earliest Northern California tries at large-scale irrigation were entrepreneurial ventures. Investors fashioned commercial irrigation companies that owned the canal system but not the irrigated lands. In the 1870s, land speculators regularly used this arrangement to st... ... to approve the bond sale. Although some accused Crittenden of defecting to the cattle interests, his reluctance may have reflected the general loss of enthusiasm by West Side farmers for irrigation in the late-1870s. The drought of the 1870s had ended, and the wet years brought good West Side harvests. It no longer felt urgent to spend money to avert crop failures. Besides, some farmers believed the district could not sell its bonds without state backing. The second Westside authorization act had not included such a provision after Bay Area interests had objected. As later experience would prove, the lack of state backing often placed a serious handicap on marketing irrigation securities. By 1880, the West Side Irrigation District, authorized but never implemented, had collapsed. Tulare Township would wait another thirty-five years for large-scale irrigation.

Section 482 of Crpc and Powers of Quashing of Fir

CODE FOR CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PROJECT ON SECTION 482 and POWERS OF QUASH OF FIR SUBMITTED BY:- ANKITA VERMA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. INHERENT JURISDICTION VESTED IN THE HIGH COURTS 3. INTERFERENCE UNDER ARTICLE 226 FOR FIR QUASHING 4. VIEW OF THE SUPREME COURT 5. AMENDMENT OF CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ENABLING 6. RESTORATION OF COMPLAINTS 7. THE ACTIVIST PHASE 8. GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISING THE INHERENT POWERS 9. CONCLUSION 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION Sec 482 deals with Inherent powers of the Court.It is under the 37th Chapter of the Code titled â€Å"Miscellaneous†. The state high courts in India have been given supervisory and regulatory powers over the conduct of the lower criminal courts within their respective territorial jurisdiction, including inherent powers under section 482 of CrPC. Section 482 confers inherent powers on the state high courts to intervene in any criminal proceedings, to prevent abuse of the process of the court and to secure the ends of ju stice.Faced with a false criminal complaint, a person can file a petition under section 482 of the CrPC with the state high court and seek quashing of the criminal complaint. Inherent powers u/s 482 of Cr. P. C. include powers to quash FIR, investigation or any criminal proceedings pending before the High Court or any Courts subordinate to it and are of wide magnitude and ramification. Such powers can be exercised to secure ends of justice, prevent abuse of the process of any court and to make such orders as may be necessary to give effect to any order under this Code, depending upon the facts of a given case.Court can always take note of any miscarriage of justice and prevent the same by exercising its powers u/s 482 of Cr. P. C. These powers are neither limited nor curtailed by any other provisions of the Code. However such inherent powers are exercised sparingly and with caution. Section 482 CrPC talks about the inherent powers of the high courts. This section reproduces section 561-A of the code of 1898 without any change. It does not confer any new powers on the high courts but saves such inherent powers which the court possessed before the enactment of CrPC.Though the jurisdiction exists and is wide in its scope it is a rule of practice that it will only be exercised in exceptional cases. The section was added by the Code of Criminal Procedure (amendment) Act, 1923, as the high courts were unable to render complete justice even if in a given case the illegality was palpable and apparent. The section is a sort of reminder to the high courts that they are not merely courts of law, but also courts of justice and possess inherent powers to remove injustice.The inherent power in the high is an inalienable attribute of the position it holds with respect to the courts subordinate to it. These powers are partly administrative and partly judicial. They are  necessarily judicial when they are exercisable with respect to a judicial order and for securing the ends of justice. The expression ‘ends of justice’ is not used to comprise within it any vague or nebulous concept of justice, nor even justice in philosophical sense, but justice according to law, statute law and the common law.Inherent powers are in the nature of extraordinary powers available only where no   express power is available to the high courts to do a particular thing , and where the express power does not negativate the existence of such inherent power. The jurisdiction under section 482 is discretionary; the high court may refuse to exercise the discretion if a party has not approached it with clean hands. As per the scope of this section is concerned, it has a very wide scope. The inherent powers are only with the high courts and no other court can exercise these powers.The high courts are bound to exercise such powers whenever there is injustice done by the court below. Some of the inherent powers of the high courts are: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  quashing of   F IR. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚   quashing of complaint. INHERENT JURISDICTION VESTED IN THE HIGH COURTS â€Å"Saving of inherent power of High Court- Nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or affect the inherent powers of the High Court to make such orders as may be necessary to give effect to any order under this Code, or to prevent abuse of the process of any Court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice. The section was added by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act of 1923. The section envisages 3 circumstances in which the inherent jurisdiction may be exercised, namely: -to give effect to an order under CrPC, -to prevent abuse of the process of the court, -to secure the ends of justice. The jurisdiction of the high court is confined to the courts subordinate to it in the state for which the high court has been constituted. An application under section 482 cannot be entertained by any court other than the high court.The inherent jurisdiction possessed by the high court und er this section is not confined to cases pending before it, but extends to all the cases which may come to its notice whether in appeal revision or otherwise. Inherent powers under section 482 can be invoked only in the event when there is no other remedies open to the aggrieved party. The inherent jurisdiction of the high court preserved under this section is vested in it by law within the meaning of article 21 of the constitution. The procedure for invoking the inherent powers may be regulated by rules which may have been or be framed by the high courts.The power to make such rules is conferred on the high court by the constitution. Where the rules were previously framed, they continue in force by virtue of article 372 of the constitution. INTERFERENCE UNDER ARTICLE 226 FOR FIR QUASHING The power of quashing the criminal proceedings has to be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases and the Court cannot be justified in embarking upo n an enquiry as to the reliability or genuineness or otherwise of allegations made in the F.I. R. or complaint and the extraordinary and inherent powers of Court do not confer an arbitrary jurisdiction on the Court to act according to its whims or caprice. However, the Court, under its inherent powers, can neither intervene at an uncalled for stage nor it can †soft-pedal the course of justice' at a crucial stage of investigation/ proceedings. The provisions of Articles 226, 227 of the Constitution of India and Section 482 of the Code are a device to advance justice and not to frustrate it.The power of judicial review is discretionary, however, it must be exercised to prevent the miscarriage of justice and for correcting some grave errors that might be committed by the Subordinate Courts as it is the duty of the High Court to prevent the abuse of process of law by the inferior Courts and to see that esteem of administration of justice remains clean and pure. However, there are no limits of power of the Court but more the power more due care and caution is to be exercised invoking these powers.The Apex Court held that nomenclature under which the petition is filed is totally irrelevant and does not prevent the Courts from exercising its jurisdiction which otherwise it possesses unless there is a special procedure prescribed which procedure is mandatory. In a case the Hon'ble Supreme Court has indicated that the High Court should be loath to interfere at the threshold to thwart the prosecution exercising its inherent power under Section- 482 of the Code or under article 226 or 227 of the Constitution of India, as the case may be, and allow the law to take its own course.The Court's power is limited only to examine that the process of law should not be misused to harass a citizen and for that purpose, the high Court has no authority or jurisdiction to go into the matter or examine the correctness of allegations unless the allegations are patently absurd and inherently improbable so that no prudent person can ever reach to such a conclusion and that there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused but the Court, at that stage, cannot go into the truth or falsity of the allegations.In Trisuns Chemical Industry Vs. Rajesh Agarwal ; Ors. the Supreme Court placed reliance upon its earlier judgment in Rajesh Bajaj Vs. State N. C. T. of Delhi ; Ors. , and observed that the inherent power of the High Court should be limited to very extreme exceptions. The said judgment was approved and followed by the Apex Court in Ram Biraji Devi Vs. Umesh Kumar Singh ; Ors. , wherein the Apex Court reiterated that the power can be used only in extreme exceptions where it is necessary to do so in the interest of justice.INTERFERENCE IN INVESTIGATION IN CRIMINAL OFFENCES In the case of Janata Dal Vs. H. S. Chaudhary, the Supreme Court endorsed the law laid down by the Privy Council, that the statutory power of police to investigate cognizable offe nces could not be interfered with by the courts, (King Emperor Vs. Khawaja Nazir Ahmed) The same view was endorsed by Justice Chandrachud in the case of Kurukshetra University Vs.State of Haryana where it was reiterated that investigation of criminal offences, was a field exclusively reserved for the Executive, through the police department, the superintendence over which, vested in the State Government. This Court further held that the Court and judicial process should not interfere at the stage of investigation . In the case of State of Haryana Vs. Chaudhary Bhajan Lal Justice Pandian laid down as follows: Investigation of offences is a field exclusively reserved for police officers whose powers in that field are unfettered so long as the power to investigate into the cognizable offences is legitimately exercised†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the courts are not justified in obliterating the track of investigation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The Magistrate is kept in the picture at all stages of the po lice investigation but he is not authorised to interfere with the actual investigation or to direct the police how that investigation is to be conducted†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ VIEW OF THE SUPREME COURT In the landmark case State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal: A two-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India considered in detail the provisions of section 482 and the power of the high court to quash criminal proceedings or FIR. The Supreme Court summarized the legal position by laying the following guidelines to be followed by high courts in exercise of their inherent powers to quash a criminal complaint;- 1.The criminal complaint can be quashed when allegations made in the complaint, even if they are taken at their face value and accepted in their entirety, prima facie constitute any offence or make out a case against the accused person. 2. The criminal complaint can be quashed when allegations made in the complaint are so absurd and inherently improbable that on the basis of which no prudent perso n can ever reach a conclusion that there are sufficient grounds for continuing the proceedings against the accused person. . The criminal complaint can be quashed when the allegations made in the complaint and evidence collected in support of the complaint does not disclose the commission of any offence against the accused person. 4. The criminal complaint can be quashed when the complaint is manifestly attended with malafide or where the proceeding is maliciously instituted with an ulterior motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused person and with a view to spite him due to private and personal grudge. 5.The criminal complaint can be quashed when there is an express legal bar under any of the provisions of the CrPC or any other legislation (under which a criminal proceeding is instituted) to the institution and continuance of criminal complaint. Thus, if the high court is convinced that the criminal complaint does not disclose a cognizable offence and the continuation of an inve stigation is not based on sound foundations and would amount to an abuse of power of the police necessitating interference to secure the ends of justice, the high court will exercise its inherent power to quash the proceedings.In Pepsi Foods Ltd. v. Special Judicial Magistrate,  the Supreme Court of India observed that: â€Å"Though the magistrate can discharge the accused at any stage of the trial if he considers the charges to be groundless, this does not mean that the accused cannot approach the High Court under section 482 to have the complaint quashed if the complaint does disclose the commission of a cognizable offence against the accused person.In this case the Supreme Court held that the order of the High Court refusing to quash the complaint on the ground that alternate remedy was available under the CrPC to the accused person was not proper. † However it has been held by the Supreme Court of India in Om Prakash Singh v. State of UP  : That ‘if a complaint discloses the commission of a cognizable offence, it would not be a sound exercise of discretion to quash the criminal complaint’.AMENDMENT OF CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ENABLING RESTORATION OF COMPLAINTS Submitted to the Union Minister of Law and Justice, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India by Dr. Justice AR. Lakshmanan, Chairman, Law Commission of India, on the 22nd day of August,2009. Inherent power of subordinate courts The subordinate criminal courts have no inherent powers. However, courts exist for dispensation of justice and not for its denial for technical reasons when law and justice otherwise demand.Even though inherent power saved under section 482, CrPC is only in favour of High Courts, the subordinate criminal courts are also not powerless to do what is absolutely necessary for dispensation of justice in the absence of a specific enabling provision provided there is no prohibition and no illegality or miscarriage of justice is involved. All the crim inal courts are having such an auxiliary power subject to restriction which justice, equity, good conscience and legal provisions demand provided it will not unnecessarily prejudice somebody else.A Division Bench of the Kerala High Court has in the matter of State Prosecutor held that the subordinate courts have the inherent power to act ex debito justitiae (in accordance with the requirement of justice) to do the real and substantial justice for which alone they exist. The absence of any reference to any other criminal court in the said provision does not necessarily imply that such courts can in no circumstances exercise inherent power. Courts may act on the principle that every procedure should be understood as permissible till it is shown to be prohibited by law. Law commission’s 141st ReportThe 12th Law Commission of India in its 141st Report titled â€Å"Need for Amending the Law as regards Power of Courts to Restore Criminal Revisional Applications and Criminal Cases Dismissed for Default in Appearance† [1991] The Law Commission in its 141st Report recommended amendment of section 482 of the CrPC for conferment of inherent powers also on all subordinate criminal courts other than the High court. THE ACTIVIST PHASE The activist phase, in its present form, started from the necessity felt by the Supreme Court, to secure impartial investigation into the allegations of fake encounters, custodial deaths, and police torture.While initially the Judges were content to direct inquiries by the local District and Sessions Judges, subsequently in several cases, the Court directed investigation by the CBI directly. Still the Court did not interfere in investigation There is no denial of the fact that the investigation and prosecution of criminal offences is lackadaisical. Yet the question to be considered is whether monitoring of investigation by Supreme Court or the High Courts is the appropriate remedy. Apart from the fact that monitoring of investiga tion invariably makes the judicial pyramid virtually stand on its head, it has larger connotations.The foremost consideration is, as to whether it is likely to result in denial of fair trial to the accused, and whether it amounts to adoption of a procedure which is unreasonable and is capable of falling foul of Article 21. In my view, whether this procedure violates Article 20 or 21 or not, in any case, it is not effective. The experiment in one of the cases in which this procedure was adopted by the Supreme Court has proved its futility. The conventional wisdom, on account of which, the courts refrained from interfering in investigation, was that the opinion of the Investigating Officer was not binding upon the courts.Defects in investigation could be rectified by the trial Judges, by summoning other persons, found to be connected with the offences under section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The dignity and honour of the Courts would be better preserved, if they maintain t he traditional distance from the Investigating agencies. In the end, it needs to be realised that investigation is a specialised job, which has to be conducted in the field, by persons adept at it. Various techniques and strategies are adopted by the Investigating Officer, and the task of ascertainment of truth, is long, arduous and painful.The Courts' continued insistence on modernisation of investigative techniques and upgrading the tools of technology, by deploying scientific methods of investigation, are the only means that may succeed in the long run. Judicial monitoring of investigation is an aberration and the sooner it ends, the better it is for the administration of criminal justice system. Guide-lines for exercising the inherent power -Where the allegations made in the First Information Report or the complaint, even if they are taken at their face value and accepted in their entirety do not prima facie constitute any offence or make out a case against the accused. Where th e allegations in the first Information Report and other materials, if any, accompanying the F. I. R. do not disclose a cognizable offence, justifying an investigation by police officers under S. 156(1) of the Code except under an order of a Magistrate within the purview of S. 155(2) of the Code. -Where the uncontroverted allegations made in the FIR or complaint and the evidence collected in support of the same do not disclose the commission of any offence and make out as case against the accused. Where, the allegations in the F. I. R. do not constitute a cognizable offence but constitute only a non-cognizable offence, no investigation is permitted by as police officer without an order of a Magistrate ass contemplated under S. 155(2) of the Code. -Where the allegations made in the FIR or complaint are so absurd and inherently improbable on the basis of which no prudent person can ever reach a just conclusion that there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused. Where th ere is an express legal bar engrafted in any of the provisions of the Code or the concerned Act (under which a criminal proceeding is instituted) to the institution and continuance of the proceedings and/ or where there is a specific provision the Code or the concerned Act, providing efficacious redress for the grievance of the aggrieved party. – Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly attended with malafide and/ or where the proceeding is maliciously instituted with an ulterior motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him due to private and personal grudge.It has been said there should be no undue interference by the High Court as no meticulous examination of the evidence is needed for considering whether the case would end in conviction or not, at this stage. The High Court should interfere only where it is satisfied that if the complaint is allowed to be proceeded with, it would amount to abuse of process of court or that the interests of jus tice otherwise call for quashing of the charges. In Zandu Pharmaceutical Works Ltd. Vs. Mohd. Sharaful Haque & Ors. the Hon'ble Apex Court held that criminal proceedings can be quashed but such power is to be exercised sparingly, carefully with caution and only when such exercise is justified by the tests specifically laid down in the statutory provisions itself. It is to be exercised ex debito justitiae to do real and substantial justice for administration of which alone Courts exist. Wherever any attempt is made to abuse that authority so as to produce injustice, the Court has power to prevent the abuse. A case where the FI. R. r the complaint does not disclose any offence or is frivolous, vexatious or oppressive, the proceedings can be quashed. It is, however, not necessary that at this stage there should be meticulous analysis of the case before the trial to find out whether the case ends in conviction or acquittal. The allegations have to be read as a whole. CONCLUSION â€Å"T he judiciary has to play a vital and important role, not only in preventing and remedying abuse and misuse of power, but also in eliminating exploitation and injustice. For this purpose, it is necessary to make procedural innovations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦The summit judiciary in India, keenly alive to its social responsibility and accountability to the people of the country, has liberated itself from the shackles of Western thought, made innovative use of the power of judicial review, forged new tools, devised new methods and fashioned new strategies. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ † Soon thereafter, PIL was defined by Justice Bhagwati, in one of his articles entitled, â€Å"Social Action Litigation; the Indian experience†, in the above words. So as per the above discussion we have seen that how the high court uses its inherent powers and how important it is for the high courts to use these powers.Section 482 has a very wide scope and its really important for the courts to use it properly and w isely. Many a times it has been observed that when there is an issue of money for eg. Any money matter then the petitioner instead of filing a civil suit files an FIR against the other person just to harass him. In such cases it becomes very important for the high courts to quash such complaints as it leads to the abuse of the process of the lower courts. Thus section 482 is very important for acquiring proper justice and to stop the public from filing fictitious complaints just to fulfil their personal grudges.The functions of the judiciary and the police are complementary, and each one is to exercise its own functions. No doubt, the code of criminal procedure, gives to the police unfettered power to investigate all the cases, where they suspect a cognizable offence has been committed. Even the high court does not interfere with such investigation, because it would be impeding investigation and the jurisdiction of the statutory authorities to exercise power in accordance with the p rovisions of criminal procedure code.However, in appropriate cases, aggrieved person can always seek a remedy by invoking the power of the high court under Article 226 of the constitution to issue the writ of mandamus, restraining the police officer from misusing his legal powers. Further, in Hazari lal Gupta V. Rameshwar Prasad, the apex court laid down, that the high court can quash proceedings, if there is no legal evidence or if there is any impediment in the investigation or continuance of proceedings.The policy of non-interference in the investigation was well explained by the Privy Council in King Emperor V. Khawaja Nazir Ahmad in the following terminology: â€Å" just as it is essential that everyone accused of crime, should have free access to the court of justice, so that he may be duly acquitted, if found not guilty of the offence of which he is charged, so it is of utmost importance that the judiciary should not interfere with the police matter which are within their pr ovince and into which law imposes on them the duty of inquiry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. † BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. ttp://www. legalindia. in/inherent-powers-of-the-high-court-under-section-482-of-crpc 2. http://ipc498a. wordpress. com/2007/10/27/understanding-hc-quash-petitions-section-482-of-crpc/ 3. Gopal R : Sohon’s code of criminal procedure, Vol- V, Lexis Nexis Butterworths, 20th Edition. 4. Lal Batuk ; The code of criminal procedure, Orient publishing company, 3rd Edition. 5. Ratanlal , Dhrijlal; The code of criminal procedure, Lexis Nexis Butterworths, 17th Edition. 6. Sarkar S C; The law of criminal procedure, Vol- II, Wadhwa ; company Nagpur, III Edition. . Sen D N, The code of criminal procedure, Vol-II, Premier Publishing Company, 2006. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. G. Sagar Suri & Anr. Vs. State of U. P. & Ors. , AIR 2000 SC 754 [ 2 ]. State of U. P. Vs. O. P. Sharma, (1996) 7 SCC 705 [ 3 ]. L. V. Jadhav Vs. Shankarrao Abasaheb Pawar & Ors. , AIR 1983 SC 1219 [ 4 ]. ( 1999) 8 SCC 686 [ 5 ]. AIR 1999 SC 1216 [ 6 ]. 2006 AIR SCW 2543 [ 7 ]. 1992 (4) SCC 305 [ 8 ]. AIR 1944 PC 18 [ 9 ]. 1977 (4) SCC 451 [ 10 ]. 1992Supp(1)SCC335 [ 11 ]. ( 1992 Supp. 1) SCC 335) [ 12 ]. (AIR 1998 SC 128) [ 13 ]. (2004 CrLJ 3567) [ 14 ]. .[Tulsamma v. Jagannath, 2004 Cri. L. J. 4272]State of Kerala v. Vijayan, 1985(1) CRIMES 261] [ 15 ]. .[Madhavi v. Thupran, 1987 (1) KLT 488] [ 16 ]. [1973 Cri. L. J. 1288] [ 17 ]. (Shiv Sagar Tiwari Vs. Union of India 1996 (6) SCC 558) [ 18 ]. Ganesh Narayan Hegde Vs. S. Bangarappa & Ors. , (1995) 4 SCC 41 [ 19 ]. AIR 2005 SC 9 [ 20 ]. Basu, D D, Criminal procedure code, 1973 , 441 [ 21 ]. AIR 1972 SC 484 [ 22 ]. (1944) 71 Ind. App. 203.

How Global Changes Affect You Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2641 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? When I study this subject, I understand the importance of business. I know that, business can be defined as a person, partnership, or cooperation that seeks to provide goods and services to others at a profit. Besides that, this course can have a major impact on your career direction and future success regardless of whether you major in business, the sciences, or the liberal arts. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Global Changes Affect You Business Essay" essay for you Create order Whatever you major may be, you are likely to end up pursuing a career in a business setting. For example, if you major in science, you may work for a biotechnology firm and can benefit from an understanding of business concepts such as managing an organization, working with employees, and managing employees. If you select journalism as a major, you may work for a media or publishing firm and, therefore, can benefit from an understanding of business concepts such as providing a product desired by consumers. Business concepts such as creating ideas, leadership, teamwork, and quality control are relevant to almost everyone, no matter what career is chosen. An Introduction to Business course provides the foundation of business knowledge that can enable you to utilize your talents in the business world. It also provides you with an overview of many different business worlds. It also provides you with an overview of many different business topics, allowing you to determine the specific fie ld of business. Introduction of Business Environment Business environment is that which surrounds a business. It affects a business. It is dynamic in the sense it keeps changing. Since it is composed of many factors, it is important for a company to study and monitor its environment carefully. This is so that the business does not go wrong in its planning process for its current and future plans. The changes in the environment may be good or bad for a particular business. They can affect the business in a positive or a negative way. It becomes essential to monitor the environment, especially the external, uncontrollable part of the environment. Since there are innumerable components that make up the total environment, a careful understanding of each and the implications of the changes of each factor need to be done. This facilitates the strategic planning process. Just as a human being take decisions based on his or his surrounding environment, example: parent, siblings, peer group, teachers, role models, health, attitude, socio-econ omic status. 1.2 The Economic and Legal Environment People are willing to start new businesses if they believe that the risk of losing their money isnt too great. Part of that risk involves the economic system and how government works with or against businesses. Government can do a lot to lessen the risk of starting businesses and thus increase entrepreneurship and wealth. For example, a government can keep taxes and regulations to a minimum. Another way for government to actively promote entrepreneurship is to allow private ownership of businesses. In some countries, the government owns most businesses, and theres little incentive for people to work hard or create profit. All around the world today, however, governments are selling those businesses to private individual to create more wealth. One of the best things the governments of developing countries can do is to minimize interference with the free exchange of goods and services. 1.3 The Technological Environment Technological factors sometimes pose serious problems. A firm that unable to cope with technological changes may not be survived. Further, the differing technological environment of different markets or countries may be called for product modifications. Besides that, Technology also is the most important elements of the macro environment. Furthermore Technology is the human being innovation and it literally wonder Technology helps to human being go to the moon, travelling the spaceships, other side of the globe with few hours. Advances in the technologies have facilitated product improvements and introduction of new products and have considerably improved the marketability of the products. The fast changes in technologies also create problems for enterprises as that render. Plants and product obsolete. Today adopt changers in technology to achieve successful in business and industry. Internet and telecom system also is the important part of technological development in the world . These things today changed whole world. It changes people and business operation. It leads to many new business opportunities apart from the many existing systems. Technological environment characteristics are outlined: The find of technological change Opportunities are arising out of technological developments. Risk and uncertain is the major feature of the technological developments. Research and development role to country Technology and business activities are to be highly considerable, interrelated and interdependent. Technology output/fruits available to society through business activities in this way improve the quality of life in the society. Therefore, technology nurtured by business. 1.4 The Social Environment Demography is the statistical study of the human population with regard to its size, density, and other characteristics such as age, race, gender, and income. The particularly interested in the demographic trends that most affect business and career choices. Managing Diversity has come to mean much more than recruiting and keeping minorities and women. Many more groups are now included in diversity efforts. For example, the list of 26 diversity groups identified by Federated Department Stores includes seniors, the disable, homosexuals, atheists, extroverts, introverts, married people, singles, and the devout. 1.5 The Global Environment The global environment may affect all firms directly or indirectly. Some firm rely on foreign countries for some of their supplies or sell their products in various countries. They may even establish subsidiaries in foreign countries where they can products and sell to them. Even if a firm is not planning to sell its products in foreign countries, it must be aware of the global environment because it may face foreign competition when it sells its product locally. Furthermore, global economic conditions can affect local economic conditions. It economic condition weaken in foreign countries, the foreign demand for U.S. products will decrease. Consequently, sales by U.S. firms will decrease, and this may result in some layoffs. The general income level in the United state will decline, and U.S. consumers will have less money to spend. The demand for all products will decline, even those that are sold only in the United States. Thus, even firms that have no international business can b e affected by the global environment. 1.5.1 How Global Changes Affect You As businesses expand to serve global markets, new jobs will be created in both manufacturing and service industries. U.S. exports are expected to continue to increase under new trade agreements that will lead to expansion of the job market both in the United States and globally. Global trade also means global competition. The students who will prosper are those who are prepared for the markets of tomorrow. That means that you must prepare yourself now to compete in a rapidly changing worldwide environment. Conclusion During this chapter I learn that type of the environment, and also know that this four type of environment will effects our business environement Introduction of Ownerships When entrepreneurs establish a business, they must decide on the form of business ownership. There are three basic forms of business ownership: sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. The form that is chosen can affect the profitability, risk, and value of the firm. The business ownership decision determines how the earnings of a business are distributed among the owners of the business, the degree of liability of each owner, the degree of control that each owner has in running the business, the potential return of the business, and the risk of the business. These types of decisions are necessary for all business. Sole Proprietorship A business owned by a single owner is referred to as a sole proprietorship. The owner of a sole proprietorship is called a sole proprietor. A sole proprietor may obtain loans from creditors to help finance the firms operations, but these loans do not represent ownership. The sole proprietor is obligated to cover any payments resulting from the loans but does not need to share the business profits with creditors. Typical examples of sole proprietorships include a local restaurant, a local construction firm, a barber shop, a laundry service, and a local clothing store. About 70 percent of all firms in the United States are sole proprietorship. But because these firms are relatively small, they generate less than 10 percent of all business revenue. The earnings generated by a sole proprietorship are considered to be personal income received by the proprietor and are subject to personal income taxes collected by the Internal Revenue Service. Characteristics of Sole Proprietors Sole proprietors must be willing to accept full responsibility for the firms performance. The pressure of this responsibility can be must greater than any employees responsibility. Besides of this, Sole proprietors must also be willing to work flexible hours. They are on call at all times and may even have to substitute for a sick employee. Other than that, their responsibility for the success of the business encourages them to continually monitor business operations. They must exhibit strong leadership skills, be well organized, and communicate skill well with employees. Many successful sole proprietors had precious work experience in the market in which they are competing, perhaps as an employee in a competitors firm. For example, restaurant managers commonly establish their own restaurant. Experience is critical to understanding the competition and the behavior of customers in a particular market. Advantages of a Sole Proprietorship Easy Organization Establishing a sole proprietorship is relatively easy. The legal requirements are minimal. A sole proprietorship need not establish a separate legal entity. The owner must register the firm with the state, which can normally be done by mail. The owner may also need to apply for an occupational license to conduct a particular type of business. The specific license requirements vary with the state and even the city where the business is located. Complete control Having only one owner with complete control of the firm eliminates the chance of conflicts during the decision on the menu, the prices, and the salaries paid to employees. Lower Taxes Because the earnings in a proprietorship are considered to be personal income, they may be subject to lower taxes than those imposed on some other forms of business ownership. Total Decision-Making Authority Because the sole proprietor is in total control of the operations, he or she can respond quickly to changes, which is an asset in a rapidly shifting market. The freedom to set the companys course of action is a major motivational force. For those who thrive on the enjoyment of seeking new proprietors thrive on the feeling of control they have over their personal financial futures and the recognition they earn as the owners of their business. Disadvantages of a Sole Proprietorship The Sole Proprietor Incurs All Losses Just as sole proprietors do not have to share the profits, they are unable to share any losses that the firm incurs. For example, assume you invest $10,000 of your funds in a lawn service and borrow an additional $8,000 that you invest in the business. Unfortunately, the revenue is barely sufficient to pay salaries to your employees, and you terminate the firm. You have not only lost all of your $10,000 investment in the firm but also are liable for $8,000 that you borrowed. Since you are the sole proprietor, no other owners are available to help cover the losses. Unlimited Liability A sole proprietor is subject to unlimited liability, which means there is no limit on the debts for which the owner is liable. If a sole proprietors is sued, the sole proprietor is personally liable for an judgment against that firm. Limited Skills A sole proprietor has limited skills and may be unable to control all parts of the business. For example, a sole proprietor may have difficulty running a large medical practice because different types of expertise may be needed. Limited Funds A sole proprietor may have limited funds available to invest in the firm. Thus, sole proprietors have difficulty engaging in airplane manufacturing, shipbuilding, computer manufacturing, and other business that require substantial funds. Sole proprietors have limited funds to support the firms expansion or to absorb temporary losses. A poorly performing firm may improve if given sufficient time. But if this firm cannot obtain additional funds to make up for its losses, it may not be able to continue in business long enough to recover. Partnership A business that is co-owned by two people or more than two people is referred to as a partnership. The co-owners of the business are called partners. The co-owners must register the partnership with the state and may need to apply for an occupation license. About 10 percent of all firms are partnerships. Besides of this, in a general partnership, all partners have unlimited liability. That is, the partners are personally liable for all obligations of the firm. Conversely, in a limited partnership, the firm has some limited partners, or partners whose liability is limited to the cash or property they contributed to the partnerships. Limited partners are only investors in the partnership and do not participate in its management, but because they have invested in the business, they share its profits or losses. A limited partnership has one or more general partners, or partners who manage the business, receive a salary, share the profits or losses of the business, and have unlimited li ability. The earnings distributed to each partners represent personal income and are subject to personal income taxes collect by the IRS. Disadvantages of Partnerships Lack of Continuity If one partner dies, complications arise. Partnership interest is often nontransferable through inheritance because the remaining partner may not want to be in a partnership with the person who inherits the deceased partners interest. Partners can make provisions in the partnership agreement to avoid dissolution due to death if all parties agree to accept as partners those who inherit the deceaseds interest. Control is shared The decision making in a partnership must be shared. If the partners disagree about how the business should be run, business and personal relationships may be destroyed. Some owners of firms do not have the skills to manage a business. Unlimited Liability General partners in a partnership are subject to unlimited liability, just like sole proprietors. Profits Are Shared Any profits that the partnership generates must be shared among all partners. The more partners there are, the smaller the amount of a given level of profits that will be distributed to any individual partner. Conclusion Of my opinion I would like to choose Sole Proprietors, because it is better than Partnerships. Besides that, it is lower taxes because the earnings in a proprietorship are considered to be personal incomes, they may be subject to lower taxes than those imposed on some other forms of business ownership. Other than that, Sole Proprietors make us easy and quickly do decision and making authority. Because the sole proprietor is in total control of the operations, he or she can respond quickly to changes, which is an asset in a rapidly shifting market. The freedom to set the companys course of action is a major motivational force. For those who thrive on the enjoyment of seeking new proprietors thrive on the feeling of control they have over their personal financial futures and the recognition they earn as the owners of their business. Other than that, Sole proprietors is much more better than Partnerships because of Partnerships much more disadvantages then Sole Proprietors. If one par tner dies, complications arise. Partnership interest is often nontransferable through inheritance because the remaining partner may not want to be in a partnership with the person who inherits the deceased partners interest. Partners can make provisions in the partnership agreement to avoid dissolution due to death if all parties agree to accept as partners those who inherit the deceaseds interest.