Dogfish Shark free essay sample

Dog Fish Shark Dogfish sharks are the second largest sharks, there body shape is rounded. Dogfish sharks have a variety of different parts. Smell, taste, hearing, sight, touch, and electro reception are six sensory systems that sharks use. All of there senses allow them to explore the environment and survive. There senses help them locate prey, avoid danger, and also find mates. Sharks nostrils or names are under the edge of there snout. There names are separate from there mouth and throat, they are uses exactly for. Each name Is divided Into two parts by a nasal flap. The flaps increase surface area, and provide the shark with a better opportunity of smell. When sharks detect a smell that they want to investigate or eat, the swim in the direction it is coming from and move its head back in forth. The names also detect chemicals in the water. The sharks eyes are highly sensitive to light intensity, they can also control the amount of light entering the eye by dilating there pupils. For a shark to focus Its controlled by the rectums muscles, this pulls the lens closer or further away. Sharks possess great vision In din light conditions. Sharks have an piper and lower eyelid but they usually dont meet, so it doesnt necessarily protect the eye. The dogfish sharks mouth is located underneath it. Spiracles located behind the eye on top of the head are used to provide oxygenated blood directly to the eye. The dogfish teeth are extremely sharp of coursed used for biting into its prey, the sharks tongue is rough for helping hold its prey. They eat squid, fish, and crustaceans. The dogfish shark as of all sharks have been around for as long as dinosaurs. If the shark Is a female the uterus Is the function of the egg developments, f a boy there is testes an oval shaped; dorsal to the liver. Males have claspers finger- like projections that assist in sperm transfer during mating, this occurs only in males. Ovaries are two cream colored organs. The shark heart has two halves, the atrium and ventricles, the heart is a specialized muscle. The pericardia cavity holds the heart and branching arteries, this cavity also protects the heart. The gill rakes Increase the surface area of the gills in order to take In more oxygen. The gill arches are made of cartilaginous arches that support the gills and also the gill rakes. Gill lits allow water to exit after passing over the gills, the dogfish sharks have five gill slits. The atrium is small and has functions in forcing blood into the ventricles, the ventricle is larger and functions in contracting blood into the rest of the body. The spiracles on top of the head, allows water to pass through the gills even when the sharks mouth Is closed. The lateral line Is a pale line beginning at the pectoral fins and ending at the pelvic fins, small openings that open Into the underlying line canal. The cloaca is the digestive tract exit and opening for the sex organs. are bundles of segmented muscle in the trump and tail, they are arranged in a zig zag pattern. The myosepta is where the muscle originates and inserts. Of the five fins the dogfish has only two are paired and they are the pelvic and pectoral fins. The five fins the shark has Is of course the pelvic, pectoral, the two dorsals, and the caudal as the liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, etc. The liver functions in storage and flotation, it has three lobes. The gallbladder functions in the storage of bile secreted from the liver, it is located within the small love of the liver. The stomach is a J- haped organ, it has an cardiac part and pyloric part and functions in digestion. The pancreas has two parts, the ventral and dorsal and its a long and thin organ. The duodenum is right after the stomach it receives the bile from the gallbladder. After the duodenum the ileum and spiral valve absorbs nutrients like vitamin 812 and bile salts. The pyloric sphincter is the end of the stomach, a muscular ring which opens and closes the stomach to the intestines. The esophageal papillae helps move food to the stomach. The colon absorbs water and salts from the solid wastes before its stored in the rectum. The rectum functions in the storage of solid waste. The rectal gland controls salt concentration within the body and releases it into the rectum to be excreted. The spleen of the shark works with filtering the blood, caudal to the stomach and proximal the spiral intestine. The dorsal aorta is the distribution of blood throughout the body. Dogfish arent attack sharks, there shy, and rarely caught in swimming areas. Sharks are boneless fish with cartilage where the bone should be. The second dorsal fin is smaller than the first and both fins have spines at their origin. The caudal fin is asymmetrical with the upper lobe being larger. The Jaws are smooth edged short and oblique teeth are similar in both upper and lower Jaw. The dogfish habitat, the shark is found in cold and warm temperate oceans at temperatures between O and 15 degrees Celsius. It can be caught and located in the water column from the surface depths of meters in other words 2,400 feet. The average adult length is between 75 and 105cm, 30 or 40 inches. But they have been known to grow to 130cm weighing 201bs. the dogfish is long lived and slow growing and has an estimated life span of 30 to 40 years. Ages as old as 70 years have been determined for some dogfish from Columbia. Studies show that some dogfish can migrate great distances. The dogfish is an omnivorous opportunistic feeder eating whatever prey is abundant. The diet is comprised of small fishes such as coupling, cod, haddock, hake, herring, menhaden, and also raffish. They also eat invertebrates such as krill, crabs, pilchard worms, Jellyfish,,, squid, and octopus. Development in this shark is. The gestation length is longest known for sharks at an estimated 18-22 months. Young are born in the warmer waters off on the northeaster U. S and Nova Scotia during the winter months. Development in this shark is. The gestation length is the longest known for sharks at an estimated 18-22 months. Young are born in the warmer waters off of the northeastern U. S. and Nova Scotia during the winter months. The number of young born in a litter is dependent on the size of the female, larger females bearing more pups. However most litters are between 1 and 14 individuals that are approximately 20 to 30 cm in length. The average litter is 5-6 pups. Sexual maturity in males is reached at a total length of about 64 cm and 10 years of age. Females reach total length. Reproduction occurs offshore in the winter.

Gerald graff pop culture in academics free essay sample

Teenagers can also relate to whats going on in their own lives with the pop culture world. Sometimes its hard for teenagers to understand a certain topic but if teachers can explain it to them in a way that they can understand using pop culture, teachers should be allowed to do so. Pop culture should be allowed in the classroom as long as its used in an educational way and can help students learning. Graff talks a lot about street smarts in his essay. We all know someone who is street smart but they just dont do to well in school and are unable to do well in academics. Some people may feel that its a waste of intelligence and knowing so much about life isnt going to help you academically. Graff feels that its not those students fault and those students can be helped. We will write a custom essay sample on Gerald graff pop culture in academics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He states that What doesnt occur to us, though, is that schools and colleges might be at fault for missing the opportunity to tap into such street smarts and channel them into good Gonzalez 2 academic work (peg. 380). Meaning schools and colleges should be held accountable for not being able to help those street smart teenagers and elf turn their knowledge of life into academic work.Teachers should help these students learn how to understand the academics their teaching them with examples of the street smart knowledge they already obtain. Personally, feel that street smarts beat out book smarts in todays world. Street smarts is something thats real knowledge to me and can help someone in the future unlike book smarts where everything feels unreal. Graff speaks of his own experience in school and how he felt he was the typical teenage anti- intellectual. All throughout high school Graff hated reading and books.The only thing he truly cared for was sports, and the only reading he did was reading sports magazines. Graff says IL have recently come to think, however, that my preference for sports over schoolwork was not anti- intellectualism so much as intellectualism by other means (peg. 382). What Graff is saying here is just because he had rather choose sports over schoolwork doesnt make him unintelligent it makes him smart but in a different way. I can personally agree with Graff. Im not very interested in academic work but I ere up watching sports.Sports are full of challenging debates, arguments, analysis, and statistics. You can debate which team is better so why not use that same tactic but a different topic. Remember being in class not doing my work and talking about football or basketball. If a teacher was to explain reading or writing to me with using sports as an example I probably wouldve understood what they were saying and succeed in school. Have teenagers analysis sports topic and have them relate to them and see if they agree or disagree with that sport topic. Schools should create debates or arguments that teenagers can relate to. It will get teens to feel more involved and they might actually engage in the Gonzalez 3 conversation. We should be able to incorporate sport topics in school because not many students find educational topics very understanding or interesting. Teachers can easily use sports as a topic in every classroom discussion. Music in pop culture today has such a big influence on students. Everyone listens to at least some type of music any chance of the day they get.One of the main influences is hip hop music. Hip pop is all over the radios and you can find it in at least the majority of students phone players, pod, or even CDC. Music has a huge influence on myself, personally. Music helps me concentrate and even helps me learn academic material better. It even helps my mind grow and develop better. Music actually improves communication between the right and left sides of the brain, allowing you to gain better comprehension and memorization skills which develop your brain to a higher level.Music has so much to do with metaphors and understanding lyrics and truly understanding the meaning of song. It even helps to improve reading and comprehensive skills. Take Tuba Shaker for instance, his rap music has such meaningful metaphors which should be used in the classroom because they can truly help teenagers understand the meaning of a metaphor and students will actually be interested in the topic. Music is such a complex language that even incorporates mathematics, science, history, physical education, coordination, and even mental ability.Most teenagers find hip hop artist like Tuba interesting because they can relate to Tubas music about daily life struggles bout gangs, drugs and growing up in the ghetto. Since teenagers go through these struggles we should help give them something to relate to so they can know the real world isnt perfect and a lot of people can be going through the same struggles as you. Gonzalez 4 Most people will disagree with the fact that schools should allow pop culture influences in education.That schools are made for learning academics and nothing else, like pop culture, should influence anything not academic. An argument could be that pop culture is a bad influence and can send the wrong message to managers. For instance that sports can send the message of promoting violence and that teenagers should stick to their own personal friends and not communicate with other groups of people. It can cause tension in the classrooms over debates because not everyone has the same opinion about a certain team.Or the simple fact that not everyone is interested in sports or have knowledge of sports and they dont want teenagers to feel as if they dont fit in. A lot of people will have negative comments about music in education and academics. Most will argue that music send the wrong usage to teens. Some can even say rap music like Tuba exploits women and uses vulgar language. It promotes violence and criminal like activity. Which in some rap music and even Tubas music is true. He uses extreme vulgar language and talks about the thug life.It even includes sexual conduct in his rapping. Some can even say hip hop music period is distracting and if we promote music in schools. Like this, it will promote teenagers to get the wrong idea about school and education. That teens will go out and join a gang, become sexually active, and do criminal like activity. Even though some teenagers have a hard life and can relate to this music we should not remind them of their personal lifes and keep everything strictly academic. In conclusion, you can see that there is a positive and negative to having pop culture in todays education. I personally feel that there should be a connection to education which Gonzalez 5 teenagers like should be able to be interested in as long as its educational. Not everyone will have the same opinion as Graff and I so there should be an option to be able to take classes which you can use pop culture n your learning process or if you want to keep it strictly educational you should be able to as well.

Peyotism Essays - Native American Church, Native American Religion

Peyotism Essays - Native American Church, Native American Religion Peyotism The white mans reality are his streets with their banks, shops, neon lights and traffic, streets full of policemen, whores, and sad-faced people in a hurry to punch a time clock. But this is unreal. The real reality is underneath all this. Grandfather Peyote helps you find it. - Crow Dog Peyote, a hallucinogenic plant that is commonly used as a recreational drug, has a much greater meaning for members of the peyote religion. By examining the effects of peyote along with its role in the rituals and beliefs of the Native American Church it becomes apparent why it is such an integral part of the religion. The trade and knowledge of this sacred plant was already well defined in regions of Mexico well before European conquest and its ceremonial use was already underway in the tribes of the area in which it grew. This religious use eventually spread through North American regions. Along with its migration, the basic rituals and ceremonies changed along the way. The organization of religion involving peyote and the principle rituals had become commonly practiced among the Comanche and Kiowa tribes by the mid-eighteen hundreds. The Native American Church formed in 1921, beginning in Oklahoma. Soon after this initial formation, state and local incorporation followed in many places and continue to do so to this day. (Aberle, 19) Now, some form of peyote religion is common to most tribes of the North American continent. Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a very small, low growing, fuzzy type of cactus. Most of the cactus is actually underground in a long root. Both the flesh and roots can be eaten. When dried the flesh resembles brown overcoat buttons, which is where the term peyote buttons came from. Peyote isnt found just anywhere. It grows in the wild over only a small portion of the Southwestern United States known as the Peyote Garden. Precisely, Corpus Christi, Texas, Deming, New Mexico, Durango, Mexico and Puebla , Mexico bind the area in which this plant can be found and harvested. (Aberle, 5) Containing eight different alkaloids, the most important being mescaline, peyote causes a number of effects. The experience begins with an euphoric quality. It heightens the sensations to sound, color, form and texture. Further into the experience, visions begin to occur. These visions can include detailed, realistic pictures and sounds. The interpretation of these visions rather than the visions themselves are what peyotists consider most important. The peyote experience is characterized by a strong feeling of personal significance of the internal and external stimuli encountered during the experience. Many find themselves asking, What does this mean to me? The Native American Church came to the Indians during their darkest hour. It was around the time when the last of the buffalo had disappeared from the plains. They were left starving, helpless and with little of their old lives remaining to cling to. In the words of a member of the NAC, Mary Crow Dog, The Native American Church became the religion of the poorest of the poor, the conquered, the despoiled. Peyote made them understand what was happening and made them endure. It was the only thing that gave them strength in those, our darkest days. It was obvious that a militant religion could not have survived under white dominance. The formation of this religion was a response to the degraded status on Native Americans. Its goal- internal peace and harmony rather than competition. This idea was highly relevant to the socio-economic situation that these indigenous people were being faced with. For many, this was exactly what they needed to continue on. Since the beginning, there has been strong opposition to the Native American Church by several groups. The traditionalist Indians opposed it believing that it was a threat to traditional tribal culture. Modernist Indians as well as whites opposed the religion also saying that it was heathenistic and backward. In the early stages, peyote meetings were illegal not for the use of peyote, but because Native American rituals in general were outlawed. But, in 1934, under John Collier, the Bureau of Indian Affairs enacted a policy of non-interference with peyotism. There have been state laws prohibiting the sale, use or possession of peyote, but all such laws have

Industry Readiness for Going Global 1 Assignment

Industry Readiness for Going Global 1 - Assignment Example According to the Ft reporters, the United States of America auto mobile industry went from a boom to a low after the 2007/2008 economic crisis (Ft Reporters 2013). This is so since the automobiles sales from the United States of America industry fell to a record less than nine million from a high 16 million in 2005. However, after economic policies were adopted by the government the industry is slowly getting back to its feet (Lorenzo 2011). As one can see in both 2009 and 2012 China is the highest producer of vehicles in the international market. It is then followed by Japan. One notices that in the year 2009 the number of vehicles produced was low (OICA (2013). This can be attributed to the financial crisis of 2007/2008 which affected almost all players in the industry. However one notices that the USA and Germany were affected the most concluding that the crisis affected the industry most in Europe and the USA. However by looking at the statistics in 2012, the industry in the United States is recovering and shows promise of increasing in its sales and production in the futures. From the charts above, it is within reason that the key companies in the industry in the automobile industry are Volkswagen, Toyota, Hyundai and GM. However, there are other companies rising fast. Such companies include Nissan, ford and KIA. Key competitors as derived from the statistics include China, USA, Japan and Germany. Compared to its competitors, the USA automobile has various factors that give the industry an upper hand when competing with other industries in the international market. Government support is heavy in the USA unlike in other countries since the government offers loans to automobile companies. For instance, companies such as ford were lifted out of the economic crisis as a result of incentives from the government. Another advantage the USA has is that most of the citizens are loyal to home brands thus a huge

Post secondary transition plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Post secondary transition plan - Term Paper Example In this sense, a post-secondary transition plan is necessary for high school graduates joining the employment sector and those pursuing further studies. In most cases, high school graduates seek employment to find means of becoming self-reliant as they wait to join tertiary education (Miller, O’Mara., & Getzel, 2009). However, there are others who seek employment because their academic credentials disqualify them to pursue further education. Life after high school has many challenges and marks a time when individuals should engage in planning on how to improve their living standards. In order to succeed in life, individuals need to aim higher in every endeavor they decide to take after graduating from high school. In this sense, high school graduates with disability should not look at their disability as the inability and should aim for an interactive and productive life after high school. In this regard, an ideal post-secondary transition setting is one that provides career exposure, is interactive, inclusive and adaptable (Lee, Leon, & Young, 2013). After high school life, the post-secondary setting that is ideal whether at the workplace or residential, for instance, college, should expose individuals to new learning. This is because post-secondary life presents a period when individuals should learn how to deal with challenges that exist in the outside world. Prior to the completion of high school, life tends to be simple and individuals have access to support networks in case they face challenges. However, life after high school marks a period when individuals are left alone and have to engage in self-discovery. Self-discovery in this sense means learning about the new environment and how to survive. As such, an ideal setting for transition from high school should be in an environment that encourages individuals to discover themselves. In the outside

The Principal Psychological Perspectives Children And Young People Essay

The Principal Psychological Perspectives Children And Young People Essay Humanistic approach focuses on each individuals needs, potential, growth and self-actualization, as they believe that people are all different because everyone is seen as an individual. Humanistic starts from the assumption that every individual has their own unique way of understanding the world and that the things they do only make sense in this path. Furthermore humanistic also openly supports the idea that people have a free will and are capable of choosing their own actions towards growth and fulfilment of their own potentials as their roles are focused on how people can be helped to fulfil their potentials and lead more satisfied lives as the main strength of the humanistic approach is to emphasize the role of the individuals and the subjective meanings to them. Carl Rogers idea of behaviour was focused on the self, which is the persons consciousness of their own identity. Rogers believed that people could only fulfil their potentials for growth if they had a basic positive view of themselves such as having a positive self regard, self concept, self esteem and self confidence. These are important as it is made up of how we assess ourselves and how we see our personality and how we rate our skills and abilities as when we have self esteem our assessment is more positive. This also would occur if individuals have the absolute positive concept off of other people, for example if individuals are being valued and respected without hesitation by those around, people would then gain positive concepts towards themselves and if these needs are not met or fulfilled people would see themselves as worthless, useless, unloved or hopeless. From a young age people start to form a self concept as people around them such as parents or siblings, for example y oung children may want to dress up as their parents or try on their siblings clothings as they seek to gain acceptance and positive feedbacks. Mostly many childrens form self concept from the media as it is worldwide and the fashionable clothings they see on TV they may feel to copy off it to keep up with the fashion that out or to feel good about themselves and for others to compliment them as the media could put many ideas in childrens head. Carl Rogers also believed that if at a young age, childrens are bad, ugly, dumb or silly they will grow in to always thinking these negative self concepts about themselves as when young children gain a negative comment it would stick to them till their older and may also start to have doubt or limit their abilities or skills due to containing the negative aspects upon themselves. Carl Rogers noticed and acknowledged there is a barrier as most people do not gain positive concepts off of others as it is being unreserved. Rather, people think they will only be loved and valued if they meet certain conditions of worth, for example being well behaved and passing exams etc. these conditions of worth creates strength within the self between the real self such as how the person really is and the ideal self such as how others think they should be. Carl Rogers saw that people try to close the gaps between the real and the ideal self but most people do this in unhelpful ways such as chasing ach ievements that would not make themselves satisfied or to change their view of themselves of the world. Abraham Maslows view of human needs was more complex than Carl Rogers. As Carl Rogers believed that people needed unconditional positive regard, Abraham Maslow acknowledged that people have a variety of different needs that change and needs to be satisfied at different times. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) was a psychologist who described a hierarchy of human needs as he believed that everyone should seek to be the best that they can be holistically. Unless our physical needs are met, people will not be able to survive as the most basic needs are towards the bottom and work its way up but before they move up their basic needs should be met before they approach the next level. Abraham Maslow believed that those who are fully satisfied all their needs might become self-actualisers which means those people who have fulfilled their potentials completely. File:Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.svg Basic Physical needs food and water, which is appropriate meets dietary and religious requirements and reflect individual likes; accommodation with heating which would allow people to move around and feel safe, clothing which is clean, comfortable and appropriate to the temperature of the weather and activities Safety and security needs living in accommodation which feels safe and secure, with chosen belongings around with sufficient money and privacy Social needs being able to maintain relationship which would make people feels cared for and loved as well as opportunities to make new friends and having interests and keeping in contact with family and friends though visits, telephone calls and email. This will allow the opportunity to join a group try different activities and spend time with family and friends. Self esteem feeling good about yourself and being treated with respect and dignity by other people, as being treated as a person with rights to make choices and express thoughts and feelings Self actualization opportunities to express yourself through words, music or art, the chance to learn and develop new skills and be mentally stimulated, perhaps through hobbies, interests and contact with other people. P2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice P3: Explain different psychological approaches to social practise Applying the Humanistic Approach to Health and Social Care Person Centred Approach This approach is based on the theory and philosophy of Carl Rogers as he became famous and well known after he had implemented and developed a particular type of approach based on people working in a way that meet the needs of the individuals, and responds to a verity of different contexts. Person centred planning discovers and acts on what is important to a person as this would be done in a non-directive way by either councillors or therapists. They strongly believe in other peoples potential, ability and skill to make the right choices, regardless of other peoples own values, beliefs and ideas. They would have to give unconditional positive regards such as loving them regardless what and how the clients are. This counselling or therapy should make clients feel the idea that the therapists or councillors are supporting them within their experiences, feelings, beliefs and emotions. By having these needs met Carl Rogers believes that this would help the clients finally accept themselv es of who they really are or how they may look. This would also help them by how they view themselves and would start to think positively about themselves such as worthy, valuable, precious etc. This approach will also empower people in being control of their lives and be the best they can be, as the person centre approach ensures people are safeguarded and have a voice to be heard and have a better future. A person centred approach is not the same way in people normally work as they would be additional such as a way of doing things differently, to achieve better outcomes for children, young people, their families and carers. The role of the person centre approach is to set up activities which are based upon what is important to a person from their own perspectives and which contribute to their addition in society and then start to make progress. This approach is also vital for therapist or councillors to have empathy for example picturing them in the clients position such as what they may have been through or what they are feeling. For some that are dealing with difficulties in their actual self and their ideal self due to not matching, would need someone who could really listen to them and advice them in the best way possible.

Tulare Township Essay -- Artificial Irrigation, Northern California

C-Irrigation The familiar rural landscape of today’s Tulare Township is the artificial creation of irrigation. The modern eye—accustomed to the regularity of shaded orchards and the linear furrowed fields of row crops—finds it difficult to imagine the countryside before irrigation, much less the arid, barren grassland that existed until the 1860s. One has a tendency to see this landscape as eternal. But the current rural scene is not yet a century old. Although Tulare Township residents had long recognized the need for irrigation, irrigation on a mass scale came late to the district. The reasons for the delay—politics, geography, technology, and economics—tell, in microcosm, the San Joaquà ­n Valley irrigation story. It did not take long for California’s small farmers to realize that dry farming, which depended on winter and spring rains, was not trustworthy. The first two decades of California’s Wheat Bonanza era—the 1860s and 1870s—saw wide variation in crop yields as the state alternated between drought and â€Å"normal rainfall† years. While the large bonanza ranchers could survive the droughts of 1863–1865, 1870–1871, and 1873–1875, the small ranchers often failed. The Diablo Range’s â€Å"rain shadow† worsened the challenges for West Side grangers; even â€Å"below normal† rainfall elsewhere could seriously jeopardize the West Side harvest. By 1870, the need for extensive irrigation in the San Joaquà ­n Valley was clear, but how should Californians carry out the task? The earliest Northern California tries at large-scale irrigation were entrepreneurial ventures. Investors fashioned commercial irrigation companies that owned the canal system but not the irrigated lands. In the 1870s, land speculators regularly used this arrangement to st... ... to approve the bond sale. Although some accused Crittenden of defecting to the cattle interests, his reluctance may have reflected the general loss of enthusiasm by West Side farmers for irrigation in the late-1870s. The drought of the 1870s had ended, and the wet years brought good West Side harvests. It no longer felt urgent to spend money to avert crop failures. Besides, some farmers believed the district could not sell its bonds without state backing. The second Westside authorization act had not included such a provision after Bay Area interests had objected. As later experience would prove, the lack of state backing often placed a serious handicap on marketing irrigation securities. By 1880, the West Side Irrigation District, authorized but never implemented, had collapsed. Tulare Township would wait another thirty-five years for large-scale irrigation.